Moleculera Labs Educational Series:

Case report: Cytokines and chemokines profile in encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis

Cytokines and chemokines profile in encephalitis patients

“Encephalitis is caused by autoimmune or infectious agents marked by brain inflammation. Investigations have reported altered concentrations of the cytokines in encephalitis. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between encephalitis and alterations of cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum.” 4

“To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis investigating the serum and CSF concentrations of the cytokines in encephalitis. Also, the levels of the cytokines have been compared between autoimmune and infectious encephalitis in subgroup analysis.”

“The cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, and TNF-α were significantly higher in the CSF of patients compared to controls. Also, there was a significant difference between infectious and autoimmune encephalitis regarding CSF levels of IL-10 and CXCL9. Increased serum levels of TNF-α were observed in patients with encephalitis.”

“Moreover, it was observed that IL-10 had higher levels in autoimmune encephalitis compared to [infectious] encephalitis. Contrastingly, CXCL9 had a higher concentration in infectious encephalitis. Accordingly, the interleukin antagonists could be investigated as a potential adjunctive treatment in encephalitis.”

  1. Ayşegül Efe, SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 associated pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome a case report of female twin adolescents, Psychiatry Research Case Reports, Volume 1, Issue 2, 2022, 100074, ISSN 2773-0212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psycr.2022.100074.
  2. Trifiletti R, Lachman HM, Manusama O, Zheng D, Spalice A, Chiurazzi P, Schornagel A, Serban AM, van Wijck R, Cunningham JL, Swagemakers S, van der Spek PJ. Identification of ultra-rare genetic variants in pediatric acute onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) by exome and whole genome sequencing. Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 30;12(1):11106. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15279-3. PMID: 35773312; PMCID: PMC9246359.
  3. Ilyas U, Umar Z, Lin D (August 26, 2022) Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus-Induced Tic-Like Movement Disorder in an Adult: A Case Report. Cureus 14(8): e28451. doi:10.7759/cureus.28451.
  4. Soltani Khaboushan A, Pahlevan-Fallahy M-T, Shobeiri P, Teixeira AL, Rezaei N (2022) Cytokines and chemokines profile in encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 17(9): e0273920. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273920.